Jenney & Mark

I was just looking through the Washington Post's website and came across
this article, published today. I have no experience with trying to
adjust from an employment-based visa, but if you do you might find this
interesting:


http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2005/07/22/AR2005072202060.html (Registration
required)

For Green Card Applicants, Waiting Is the Hardest Part
Backlog Has Put Immigrant Workers In the Dark Longer About Their Status

By S. Mitra Kalita
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saturday, July 23, 2005; Page D01

BALA CYNWYD, Pa. Hundreds of thousands of immigrant workers trying to
stay in the United States find their journey halted somewhere along a
maze of boxes, filing cabinets and cubicles of government contractors.

The backlog of foreign workers seeking green cards, which allow
immigrants to live and work in the United States permanently, numbers
more than 330,000. In September, the Department of Labor set up a center
here and another in Dallas to quicken the first step of processing for
employment-based green cards.

But while the federal agency said it has spent time and money to ease a
complicated traffic jam, immigrants, their employers and lawyers have
been growing impatient.

"It's too long," said Rajesh Poudyal, who emigrated from Nepal 15 years
ago on a student visa. His employer, a contractor for NASA in Greenbelt,
applied for his green card in November 2001. "You don't know if it's
going to be another three-year wait. You keep thinking, 'It's gonna
happen. It's gonna happen.' "

And yet it hasn't.

Government officials say the wait has been too long for most of the
immigrant workers hoping for their green cards. The oldest case is from
August 1998. On March 28, the Labor Department introduced a computerized
fast-track processing system to handle new applications, doling them out
to two centers. Between the backlog centers and the new sites, labor
officials said, they have streamlined a multi-layered process that could
have had some waiting as long as six more years. Now, they say, the
backlog should be cleared within two years.

In employment-based green card applications, the Labor Department
essentially certifies that the employer exists and that the immigrant is
being paid the prevailing wage for the job described. In most cases,
employers must also prove that they sought to hire U.S. workers for the
job but could not. As proof, they provide classified advertisements,
competing résumés and summaries of their recruitment methods.

From this stage, known as labor certification, the application
travels to the Department of Homeland Security, which conducts its
own review and decides whether to allow the immigrant to petition for
residency status.

Before the backlog accumulated, immigration attorneys say, labor
certification generally took 30 to 90 days.

Under the new fast-track system, labor officials say, the process should
routinely take up to 60 days.

But there is no such expectation for the 174,000 people awaiting
processing here from about half the states, including Maryland and
Virginia, and the District. Besides 10 federal workers, the remaining
staff of 100 work for Exceed Corp., the company that successfully bid
for the backlog contract.

Starting last year, all 50 states sent boxes upon boxes to one of the
two backlog sites. Officials said that they hope to act on the
applications on a first-in, first-out basis and that they have entered
about 80 percent of the applicants' data into a computerized system over
the past year.

"In government terms, that has been quite a short amount of time,"
said Emily Stover DeRocco, assistant secretary of labor for employment
and training.

The backlog stems from the passage of legislation that allowed
undocumented immigrants or immigrants who had overstayed their visas to
apply for green cards if a family member or employer sponsored them --
but they had to do it by April 2001. The result was a surge of green
card applications.

The result has also been some resentment of workers who have not been in
the United States legally from workers who have.

"They've given priority to illegal immigrants," said Poudyal, who is on
the visa for highly skilled but temporary workers known as an H-
1B."That's how we've become stuck."

Most difficult, the immigrants and their advocates say, has been the
lack of communication from the Department of Labor about their status.
Is their folder in a box that has even been opened? Is it in the data-
entry process? Is their employer's address being verified, their pay
being analyzed?

"It has gone into a black box," said Poudyal, the father of two who owns
a home in Lanham. "You don't know what's inside."

His employer and lawyer have tried to check on the status with no luck.
"So you just hope," Poudyal said.

At the center, officials say it is not uncommon for irate immigrants to
show up at their doors. They say calls from members of Congress and
human resources managers inquiring about specific applications are
getting more common. But they remind critics that the system of
immigration is driven by employers' needs and not immigrants' wants.

It is not a perfect system, DeRocco said in a recent interview. She said
her agency has responded to "tens of thousands" of requests for status
reports. Behind every case number, every file, she said, is someone who
desperately wants to call the United States home.

"We care very deeply about that," she said. "We not only understand but
believe we are doing it for those individuals."

The Labor Department will be involved in discussions about overall
immigration reform, she said.

"H visas are not meeting the employers' need," DeRocco said, referring
to the temporary work-related visas. "Immigration reform is very high on
everyone's agenda."

Companies have started speaking out about U.S. immigration policy,
saying it affects their ability to hire the best people. Microsoft
Corp. Chairman Bill Gates has repeatedly advocated removing caps on
H-1B visas.

Immigration lawyer Liz Espin Stern of Baker & McKenzie LLP said, other
countries are trying to make immigrating easier. "Canada, the U.K.,
Australia are passing foreign-employee-friendly policies," she said.
"It's a very inviting program. Our program in the U.S. has shifted. It
sends a message: Don't come."

Employers say the backlog also has become expensive. After six years,
companies with employees who have been on an H-1B visa must apply for
extensions -- and pay the associated legal and filing fees -- every year
while the green card is being processed.

"There's a bit of an expense associated with it," said Cliff Sink, the
chief executive of EastBanc Technologies LLC in the District. He said
the cost of sponsoring one immigrant employee ranges from $3,000 to
$5,000. "We stopped paying for the green card because the prices had
gone up so much."

His reality might seem incongruous with an immigration policy that
mandates that these green cards are employer-driven, but many immigrants
do end up paying for their passage to permanent residency.

After paying nearly $10,000 for lawyers, Gopal Ratnam, a journalist from
India, said he thinks he has made too hefty an investment to turn back.
Besides, his daughters are accustomed to U.S. schools and ways.

"One stage of it has taken four years," said Ratnam, a staff writer for
Army Times Publishing Co.'s Defense News in Springfield. "I've invested
all the money, resources and time. Should I just say, 'All right, I will
give it up and go back to where I came from?' "

Even after the backlog on the Labor Department's end is cleared,
immigration attorney Michael Maggio warns, the wait might not be over.
He worries the Homeland Security Department might not be able to meet
the demand for employment-based green cards with current quotas.

"We're looking at a situation that's just ongoing," he said.