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Dozens of Canadians join Jihad terror camps
Immigrants recruited, RCMP says
Stewart Bell and Michael Friscolanti
National Post
Saturday, October 25, 2003
Adil Charkaoui flew to Pakistan in 1998 to study Islam, but the Canadian
slipped across the Afghanistan border that summer to a barren terrorist
training base called Khaldun Camp, according to intelligence agents.
He was not the only recruit from Canada.
Also there at the time were Ahmed Ressam of Montreal and his roommate
Mustapha Labsi. According to officials, dozens more of the recruits who
passed through the notorious jihad camps were from Canada.
At least 17 of them can be identified from publicly available documents, but
officials say the number of known Canadian holy warriors is even higher.
"I think you're talking in the twenties probably," a Canadian official told
the National Post.
There has been a slow but steady procession of Canadian Muslims to jihad
over the past decade, many of them via the terror training bases of eastern
Afghanistan, where recruits were indoctrinated into radical anti-Western
ideology and taught how to make explosives and chemical weapons.
Among them: Amr Mohamed Hamed, a British Columbia man killed at a training
camp in Afghanistan in 1998; Mohammed Jabarah, a Catholic school graduate
from St. Catharines, Ont., who oversaw an al-Qaeda bombing conspiracy in
Southeast Asia; and Abderaouf Jdey, a Montreal man whose suicide note, in
which he pledged to die a martyr, was found in Kabul.
A classified RCMP intelligence report warns that recruiting will likely
continue in Canada.
"Terrorists and organized crime groups may exploit flaws in migration
controls to blend into and recruit from immigrant communities and also to
move associates into Canada," it says.
"In Canada, over 17% of the population is foreign born, making Canada more
vulnerable to these tendencies than are other developed nations," says the
April 30, 2003, report, released under the Access to Information Act. "By
contrast, only 9% of the U.S. population is foreign born."
Since Maher Arar was released from a Syrian jail after a year in custody,
reports have claimed that in 1993, the Ottawa engineer also made the trek to
Afghanistan.
In a brief interview this week with the Post, he declined to discuss the
accusation. "I can't really answer any questions right now," he said.
His family insists he has no links to terrorism.
While they make up only a tiny minority of the Muslim population, Canadian
jihadis have nonetheless caused significant damage.
They have attacked allied soldiers, participated in plots to kill hundreds
of civilians and sullied Canada's international reputation along the way.
None of them has ever faced any criminal charges in Canada for terrorist
activities.
The worst they have suffered at the hands of Canadian authorities is
deportation to their homelands, or extradition to other countries that want
to lock them up.
The first Muslim jihad to attract foreign volunteers was the Soviet War in
Afghanistan. When the Red Army seized Kabul in 1979, Muslims from around the
world saw it as a religious outrage and went off to fight in defence of
their faith.
Next came the ethnic war in Bosnia, followed by the conflict in the Chechen
republic, the U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan and, now, the American
occupation of Iraq.
Each has attracted large numbers of foreign Muslim fighters, including
Canadians.
Security agents here began to see an influx of radical Muslims with ties to
the jihad in the early 1990s, as a wave of Algerians, Moroccans and
Tunisians made their way to Canada seeking refuge.
That was followed in the mid-1990s by the arrival of Egyptian radicals,
members of a group called Al Jihad.
In 1997, a group of jihadis who had attended Khaldun Camp returned to
Canada, where they spoke enthusiastically about "the training that they have
received, the learning that they have gotten and about jihad," recalled
Ressam, the Montreal-based convicted terrorist. "They encouraged me, so I
got interested."
When Ressam made up his mind to go to Khaldun Camp, he contacted Raouf
Hannachi, a Tunisian-Canadian who performed the call to prayer at the Assuna
mosque in Montreal. Hannachi, who had also trained in Afghanistan, set
things up with one of Osama bin Laden's agents in Pakistan.
There were Muslims "from all nationalities who were getting training there,
and each group stayed together, those who will have some work to do together
later on. Each group was formed depending on the country they came from,"
Ressam said.
"Can you name some of the countries that were represented at the camp?" a
U.S. prosecutor asked Ressam on July 3, 2001.
"Yes," he replied. "Jordanians, Algerians, from Yemen, from Saudi Arabia,
from Sweden, from Germany also, French also, Turks also and Chechnyans
also."
And Canadians.
Ressam trained with his friend from Montreal, fellow Algerian Mustapha
Labsi, and a man he knew as Zubeir Al-Magrebi, but whose real name was Adil
Charkaoui, according to Canadian intelligence.
Mr. Charkaoui was arrested in Montreal in May. He denies ever setting foot
in Afghanistan, but two witnesses say otherwise.
Ressam trained at Khaldun and Darunta camps for almost a year. He learned
"how to blow up the infrastructure of a country ... how to assassinate
someone in an operation ... to preserve your secrets," he said.
Upon returning to Canada under a false identity, he tried to blow up Los
Angeles International Airport but was caught by a U.S. border guard and was
convicted.
Five months later, his recruiter, Hannachi, returned to Tunisia.
He fled because he was being harassed by Canadian Security Intelligence
Service agents, said Samir Ezzine, Mr. Charkaoui's friend. He added Mr.
Charkaoui also knew Hannachi "enough to shake hands when they crossed
paths."
A former senior intelligence official said that during the Ressam
investigation, Canadian authorities identified up to a dozen people in
Canada who had trained at the camps.
"Some of them were probably connected to Hannachi," the official said.
Hannachi's contact in Pakistan was Abu Zubaydah, a Saudi-born Palestinian in
bin Laden's inner circle who ran a safe house in Peshawar.
"Abu Zubaydah was reportedly a facilitator and a recruiter who would screen
people for training and future assignment," a CSIS report says.
Canadian documents link Zubaydah to at least a half-dozen people in Canada
with alleged ties to terrorism, including Mohamed Harkat, an Algerian-born
pizza delivery man arrested in Ottawa as a threat to security in December,
2002.
Zubaydah was captured on March 28, 2002, in Faisalabad, Pakistan, and has
been talking to authorities, raising the possibility that he may help
identify even more Canadians who trained at the camps.
The successful recruitment of Canadians into the jihad raises a troubling
question for Canada: What is it that makes a middle-class teenager from
Scarborough or Montreal give up everything and go halfway around the world
to wage religious violence?
Professor Martin Rudner, a leading Canadian intelligence scholar, attributes
the phenomenon partly to a sense of alienation among some Muslim youths, who
turn to extreme religion to counter the marginalization they feel in Canada.
"Many of the al-Qaeda terrorists who have been identified spent their
formative years in the West, in Europe, the U.S. and indeed Canada, but were
alienated and socialized towards extremism," he said. "They are recruited
because they seek to identify."
Another factor is that some young Muslim Canadians from countries such as
Pakistan, Algeria and Egypt see themselves as participants in the religious
conflicts of their homelands, forced unwillingly into exile.
"In that sense they are homeland-Islamic exiles rather than immigrants to
Canada. They are recruited precisely because they are would-be combatants,"
said Prof. Rudner, director of the Canadian Centre of Intelligence and
Security Studies at Carleton University's Norman Paterson School of
International Affairs.
But not to be underestimated is the promotion of Islamic militancy by
clerics, he added. "The Wahabbi movement in Saudi Arabia has been
aggressively promoting its militant and, indeed, totalitarian perspective on
Islam among Muslim communities across the world, through the funding of
mosques and religious schools, the dispatch of clerics and teachers, the
dissemination of religious tracts and other materials.
"Many of Canada's mosques and Muslim schools have been established under
Saudi, and thus Wahabbi, auspices. The teachings of these religious and
educational institutions can be expected to influence and shape the outlook
of the Canadian Muslim community, and especially the mind-set of the young.
They become targets for recruitment because of their militant religious
acculturalization."
A CSIS agent estimated that 50,000 to 100,000 Muslims were trained at bin
Laden's network of camps since 1980. With so many people passing through,
some were bound to be Canadians. In fact, at least two Canadians were
allegedly involved in running bin Laden's camps, Essam Marzouk and Abdullah
Khadr.
Not one of bin Laden's recruits has ever faced any criminal charges in
Canada for their participation in the jihad, either before or after the
Liberal government hurried its anti-terrorism law through the House of
Commons after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001.
By contrast, U.S. authorities have aggressively prosecuted those who trained
for jihad. When investigators in Buffalo identified six Muslim youths who
had trained at bin Laden's al-Farooq camp in the summer of 2001, they were
charged with providing material support to al-Qaeda. All six pleaded guilty.
Where are all the Canadian jihadis now?
Marzouk is serving 15 years of hard labour in Egypt after he was arrested in
Azerbaijan. Ressam is awaiting sentencing in the U.S. Abdulrahman and Omar
Khadr are detainees at the U.S. Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
The FBI has issued an alert for Jdey in relation to a possible plan to
attack the United States. Abdulrahman Jabarah was killed in a gun battle
with Saudi security forces.
Mr. Charkaoui is awaiting a trial that will decide whether he should be
deported back to Morocco.
"Very few of them are [still] here," the Canadian official said. "A lot of
them are dead. Some of them are gone.
"A lot of them are in jail in various places."
CAPTURED:
RAOUF HANNACHI Montreal-based recruiter for al-Qaeda. Returned to Tunisia in
October, 2001, due to CSIS "harassment."
FATEH "MOUSTAPHA" KAMEl Leader of the Montreal cell of the Algerian Armed
Islamic Group. Jailed in France.
OMAR KHADR Son of Ahmed Khadr, he killed a U.S. soldier in Afghanistan.
Detained in Guantanamo Bay.
ABDULRAHMAN KHADR Son of Ahmed Khadr, he trained with al-Qaeda. Detained at
Guantanamo Bay.
MOHAMEDOU OULD SLAHI A Mauritanian who lived at a Montreal mosque, he is
said to have recruited 9/11 hijackers Marwan al-Shehhi and Ziad Jarrah.
Detained at Guantanamo Bay.
ADIL "AL-MAGREBI" CHARKAOUI Trained at camp in Afghanistan, according to
CSIS. Detained in Montreal, facing possible deportation.
AT LARGE:
ABDULLAH KHADR Son of Ahmed Khadr who is believed to have run an al-Qaeda
training camp in Afghanistan.
HAMID AICH Fought in Afghanistan and Bosnia, he came to Montreal in 1995 and
later moved to Vancouver, where he lived with Abdelmajid Dahoumane, who
helped build Ahmed Ressam's bomb. He left Canada in February, 1999.
MUSTAPHA LABSI Trained in Afghanistan in 1998 with his Montreal roommate,
Ahmed Ressam. He was arrested in London while trying to fly to Toronto but
was released after serving a six-month sentence.
DEAD:
ABDULRAHMAN JABARAH Key figure in a group that organized attacks in Riyadh.
Killed by Saudi security forces in 2003.
AMR MOHAMED HAMED Killed in 1998 at a training camp in Afghanistan.